ABSTRACT
Background: HIV infection/AIDS is a global pandemic greatly exceeds earlier prediction. With widespread availability and uses of Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART), HIV becomes a chronic manageable illness but immediate and long term side effects become a major problem. The objective of the study was to study clinical profile of HIV positive patients attending A.R.T. centre of a tertiary care hospital.Methods: Observational and prospective study was carried out over 100 HIV positive Patients attending ART centre of G.G.G Hospital, Jamnagar, Saurastra, Gujarat over a period of 12 months.Results: Out of 100 HIV positive studied patients, maximum cases (95%) were in the age group of 15-49 years, 75% were males. (58%) cases were from rural area and (56%) were illiterate. Maximum cases were having sexual (79%) route of transmission. Most common symptom among HIV positive patients was weight loss (62%) followed by fever (58%). Mycobacterium tuberculosis (65%) was the most common opportunistic infection. (84%) patients had CD4 count between 50-200/cub.mm, (66%) were in stage III. ART was well tolerated, ADRs were found in 43% of patients.Conclusions: HIV is more common in reproductive age group with males being more affected and major route of transmission of HIV infection remains heterosexual mode.
ABSTRACT
Background: Infants and children constitute a large proportion of the population in developing countries. In Gujarat, studies on drug use patterns in the pediatric age group are lacking in the Saurashtra region hospitals. The objective was to study demographical information and the utilization pattern in the in patients of the pediatric ward. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational drug utilization study was carried out over a period of 6 months in 630 pediatric inpatients of the pediatric department of Guru Gobind Singh Hospital, Jamnagar, a tertiary care teaching hospital. Analyzed data included demographic details and drugs prescribed in respective patients. Results: Most commonly affected age group was 1-5 years, boys in 62.06% and girls in 37.94% and 40.16% were admitted in the pediatric ward. Acute gastroenteritis and pneumonia had the highest admission rate with 31.90% and 22.38%, respectively. The majority of children were prescribed 5-6 drugs. Ceftriaxone (64.92%) was the top most frequently prescribed antibiotic, followed by amoxicillin (49.21%). Prescribing drugs were mainly from essential drug list (64.44%) and by generic names (61.89%). Drugs prescribed orally in 66.10% and by injections in 33.90%. Conclusion: It is quite evident that significantly large number of children were from 1 to 5 year age group. The majority of the children were admitted in inpatients of the pediatric ward for acute gastroenteritis, followed by pneumonia and meningitis. Most frequently prescribed antibiotic group was cephalosporin, followed by penicillin group.
ABSTRACT
Background: Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to antimalarial drugs is common in India. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends artemisinin based combination therapy (ACT) to counter the development of resistance in P. falciparum. WHO recommends that ideally antimalarial drug treatment policy or guidelines should be reviewed regularly and updated at least once every 24 months. In consideration to the above recommendation, we planned to conduct the following study. The objective was to determine the efficacy and safety of artesunate + sulphadoxine pyrimethamine (AS + SP) in patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria. Methods: The study included 60 patients of uncomplicated P. falciparum. Each patient received AS + SP as per WHO guidelines. Diagnosis was confirmed by peripheral blood film. All patients were followed up on days 1, 3, 14, and 28 for detailed clinical and parasitological examination. Results: Of a total 60 patients, 55 patients were followed up for 28 days. Remaining 5 patients were lost in follow up. As per protocol analysis, 91% (50) of patients had demonstrated adequate clinical and parasitological response. Remaining 9% (5) had treatment failure in which 5.5% (3) had late parasitological failure and 3.6% (2) had late clinical failure. In our study, mean parasite clearance time was 45.2 ± 4.2 hrs. Conclusion: AS + SP is safe and effective drug for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria. However, the efficacy of this ACT needs to be carefully monitored periodically since treatment failure can occur due to resistance.
ABSTRACT
Background: Epilepsy is “a condition characterized by recurrent (two or more) seizure, unprovoked by any immediate identifi ed cause.” The desired outcome of antiseizure drug (ASD) therapy is to be seizure-free throughout the rest of life. The objective was to study the utilization pattern and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with the use of ASDs in pediatric outpatients in epilepsy clinic. Methods: This cross-sectional, observational and single center study was carried out over a period of 1 year in 430 pediatric patients. Analyzed data included demographic details and drugs prescribed in respective seizure types along with ADRs due to ASDs. Results: In a total 430 patients analyzed, seizure were most commonly observed in boys (69.8%) in 6-10 year of age (45.3%), with a positive family history in (16%), with no specifi c cause of seizure in (71.6%), with most common type was focal seizure in (62.3%), which was mainly treated with carbamazepine (73.8%). Most common ADR was irritability (32.2%) with Valproate being main drug. 87.3% ADRs were in “ possible” as per World Health Organization causality assessment scale, 94.9% ADRs were “mild” as per Hartwig and Siegel severity assessment scale and 98.3% ADRs were “preventable” as per Schumock and Thornton preventability scale. Conclusion: Focal seizure was most common type of seizure observed mainly in boys of 6-10 year with carbamazepine as mainly prescribed drug. Use of appropriate ASDs in the majority of patients as per guidelines, has decreased number of ADRs in our study. Prescribing drugs were mainly from essential drug list and by generic names.